5. Modal Verbs
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
Технологический институт
Федерального государственного образовательного
учреждения высшего профессионального образования
«Южный федеральный университет»
кафедра иностранных языков
Guided Grammar II
Учебно-методическое пособие
по формированию компетенции в грамматике
(английский язык)
Таганрог 2008
Составители: Г.А.Краснощекова, Т.А. Нечаева, М.Е. Пахомкина, О.Г.Мельник
Пособие для самостоятельной работы студентов 3 – 4 курсов (бакалавриат). – Таганрог: Изд-во ТТИ, 2008. – 100 с.
Методическое пособие предназначено для студентов 3-4 курсов
(II образовательного уровня) технических специальностей для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы.
Рецензенты:
канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков ТРТУ;
канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков ТРТУ.
Целью учебно-методического пособия «Guided Grammar II» является развитие и совершенствование грамматической компетенции студентов 3 – 4 курсов (бакалавриат) технических специальностей.
В пособии представлен блок упражнений разной степени сложности на грамматические явления, представляющие особенные трудности при понимании текстов профессиональной напрвленности.
Предисловие
Настоящее издание предназначено для студентов неязыковых вузов
уровня бакалавриата и может быть использовано как для аудиторных занятий, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Одной из самых актуальных проблем современной методики обучения иностранным языкам является ориентация всего учебного процесса на активную самостоятельную работу студентов, создание условий для их самовыражения и саморазвития.
Самостоятельная работа является неотъемлемым, обязательным звеном процесса обучения, предусматривающим прежде всего индивидуальную работу студентов под руководством преподавателя.
Данное пособие состоит из 12 глав, состоящих из двух частей каждая:
теоретической и практической. В заключительной части пособия находятся ключи к упражнениям, таблица неправильных глаголов, список глаголов с предлогами и некоторые таблицы в качестве вспомогательного материала.
Предложенная авторами структура пособия призвана помочь студентам усвоить и активизировать необходимый грамматический материал. Теоретические сведения даны на русском языке. Комплекс заданий, направленных на усвоение необходимых грамматических явлений, содержит как подстановочные упражнения, так и упражнения, предполагающие объединение, реконструкцию слов и фраз и многое другое и призван активизировать мыслительную деятельность обучающихся.
По мнению авторов, это пособие может быть особенно полезным студентам, которые сталкиваются с трудностями при изучении грамматики на английском языке.
Авторы надеются, что данное пособие будет полезным и эффективным помощником в работе как преподавателей, так и студентов.
Оглавление
Оглавление 4
Verb Tenses (revision). 5
Passive Voice 13
Present 13
Modal Verbs 22
Infinitive 34
Infinitive Constructions 45
Participle 56
Participial Constructions 66
Gerund 69
Gerundial Constructions 80
Verbals 83
Conditionals 97
Reported Speech 109
Chapter 1
Verb Tenses (revision).
Видовременные формы английского глагола в активном залоге.
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Present
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Past
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Future
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Every day, usually, every year, seldom …
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Yesterday, last time, last year, a week ago, when…
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Tomorrow, next time, next year, in a week…
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Simple
|
I
You
We
They
|
play
write
plays
writes
|
I
You
We
They
He
She
|
played
wrote
|
I
We
You will (‘ll) play
They will (‘ll) write
He
She
|
He
She
|
Do
|
I
you
we
they
|
play?
write?
|
Did
|
I
you
we
they
he
she
|
play?
write?
|
I
we
Will you
they
he
she
|
play?
write?
|
Does
|
he
she
|
I
You do not play
We (don’t) write
They
He does not play
She (doesn’t) write
|
I
You
We did not play
They (didn’t) write
He
She
|
I
We
You will not play
They (won’t) write
He
She
|
|
|
|
|
|
At the moment, now
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At that time, yesterday, at 5 o’clock, when he came
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Tomorrow, at this time, this time, next Monday
|
Progressive (be + ing – form)
|
I
|
am
|
playing
writing
|
I
He
She
|
was
|
playing
writing
|
I
We be playing
He will (‘ll)
She be writing
You
They
|
You
We
They
|
are
|
We
You
They
|
were
|
He
She
|
is
|
Am
|
I
|
playing?
writing?
|
Was
|
I
he
she
|
playing?
writing?
|
I
we be playing?
Will he
she be writing?
you
they
|
Are
|
you
we
they
|
Were
|
we you
they
|
Is
|
he
she
|
I am not
You
We are not playing
They (aren’t) writing
He is not
She (isn’t)
|
I
He was not
She (wasn’t)
playing
You writing
We were not
They (weren’t)
|
I
We
He will not be playing
She (won’t) be writing
You
They
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Today, already, yet, this week (month, year), never, recently, since…
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By 5 o’clock, by the end of…, when he came
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By this time, next Monday, as soon as, he came
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Prefect (have + V3)
|
I
You
We
They
|
have
|
played
written
|
I
You
We
They
He
She
|
had
|
played
written
|
I
We have played
You will
He have written
She
They
|
He
She
|
has
|
I
Have we
you
they
Has he
she
|
played?
written?
|
Had
|
I
we
you
they
he
she
|
played?
written?
|
I
we played?
Will you have
they written?
he
she
|
I
You have not
We (haven’t)
They played
written
He has not
She (hasn’t)
|
I
You
We had not played
They(hadn’t) written
He
She
|
I
We have played
You will not
He (won’t)
She have played
They
|
|
Present
|
Past
|
Future
|
|
Present
|
Past
|
Since then, for an hour, already, for a long time… How long...? Since when…?
|
Since the time when, before…
|
Perfect Progressive (have been + ing – from)
|
I
You have been writing
We
They
He has been playing
She
|
I
You
We had been playing/ writing
They
He
She
|
I
we
Have you been writing?
they
Has he been playing?
She
|
I
you
Had we been playing/ writing?
they
he
she
|
I
You
We have not
They (haven’t) been playing
He has not been writing
She (hasn’t)
|
I
You
We had not been playing
They (hadn’t) been writing
He
She
|
Exercises
1. Define the tenses of the underlined verb forms:
1.There have been many analyses of the Internet and its structure.
2. We have explored common forms of communication.
3. They also found that 59 percent of the United States population regularly use Internet.
4. This makes the Internet a very interesting form of communication.
5. This way of communication differs from all non-verbal communication.
6. We are becoming more open to other cultures simply because of the Internet.
7. Cars with their engines have become the main source of pollution in industrial countries.
8. The invention of the transistor greatly changed the computer’s development.
9. Other distinctive features of first generation computers were the use of vacuum tubes.
10. If you are working with a user, you will be programming for his particular program.
2. Choose the correct verb form to fit into each sentence:
1. Elaine _____ in London for ten years, but now she is living in Paris.
a. has lived b. lived с had lived
2. We__________ in New York for two weeks and still live here.
a. have lived b. lived c. had lived.
3. By last night the police_____ more than ten bomb threats.
a. has reported b. reported с had reported
4. When the teacher retires next month, she will_______for thirty years.
a. teach b. have been teaching с be teaching
5. Robert for the company for very long before he was promoted.
a. didn't work b. hasn't been working c. hadn't been working
6. By the next year many employees …..their jobs.
a. will have lost b. will be losing с will lose
7. When John his mistake, he apologised.
a. has realized b. did realize с was realising
8. A: I'm sure you met Carol at the party last night.
B: I don't remember her. What '
a. was she wearing b. did she wear c. has she worn
9. When I entered the room, she … on the sofa.
A lay B is lying C was lying
10. We are going for a walk. Who … to go with us?
A is wanting B does want C wants
11. … the storm last night?
A Did you hear B Have you heard C Do you hear
12. We … from him since he left for Kenya.
A didn't hear B haven't heard C hadn't heard
13. - Granny has lost her passport. -When … ?
A has she lost it B had she lest it C did she lose it
14. It … me much time to get to work.
A takes B take C took
15. His smile was something she … before.
A has never seen B had never seen C never saw
16. How long … English?
A have you learned B have you been learning C did you learn
17. Mr. Hay rose from the comfortable armchair in which he …
A had been sitting B sat C had sat
18. Bad news … fast.
A travel B travels C are traveling
19. I … here since September.
A am B have been C was
20. I slipped away while the others …
A had lunch B had had lunch C were having lunch
21. Mag really looked better than when he … her last time.
A saw B was seeing C had seen
22. Will you try to find out what time … at the airport.
A does the plane arrive B the plane arrives C arrives the plane
23. You … a lovely song when I entered the room. What was it?
A sang B was singing D were singing
24. My aunt … South America yet.
A hadn't been to B wasn't in C hasn't been to
25. Mom isn't at home. She … the shops and she'll be back soon.
A has gone to B has been to C went to
26. I thought I … my scarf into the back of the wardrobe, but I couldn't find it there.
A was throwing B have thrown : C had thrown -
27. After it … raining, we went out.
A stopped B has stopped C had stopped
28. Why are you looking so unhappy? – I … my purse.
A had lost B have lost C lost
29. She looked out of the window. It …
A was still snowing B is still snowed C has still snowed
30 . Oh, your case is very heavy. I … you to carry it.
A am going to help B ought to help C will help
the house.
31. The doorbell rang just as he … the house.
A has left B left C was leaving
32. It often … in this part of the world.
A raining B rain C rains
33. He … at eight in the evening.
A will come B come C would come
34. Last night the police … more than ten bomb threats.
A has reported B reported C had reported
35. Paul went back home, because he …(forget) to turn the gas off.
A forget B forgot C had forgotten
36. I … housework all day today yesterday.
A did B had done C was doing
37. I was lying in bed, when the doorbell …
A was ringing B rang C had rung
38. I … a lot of golf recently.
A play B played C have played
39. When I got home everybody … TV.
A watched B was watching
C had watched
40. We … your mother for ages.
A haven’t seen
B didn’t see
C hasn’t seen
3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense.
I (feel) rather poor lately, so this morning at nine I (go) to the doctor. I (find) him alone in his waiting room, where he ( stand) by the window.
“Where (be) your patients? You (cure) them all?” I (ask).
“The reason why people (not, crowd) into this room now is that on Wednesday I (not, begin) consultations here until half past ten. Such (be) my habit for the last twenty-five years.”
“I’m sorry I (come) too early,” I (say). “I (go away) and (come back) later.
“Oh, no. I (prefer) early patients to late ones. In the course of my practice I (notice) that late comers (visit) the doctor because they (need ) some sympathy . They are like a dog that once (come) here with a sore paw; I (bandage) it for him and while I (do) this he (look at) me with great lonely eyes. He (come back) the next day and every day until his paw (become) well. I (find out) that his master (go away). The dog is old now but he still (come).
4. Choose the correct item
1. How long . here?
A) you live B) do you live
C) have you lived D) are you living
2. She …for 12 hours before she finished everything.
A) had been working B) has been working
C) is working D) has worked
3. When I was a child I… running every day.
A) have gone B) used to go
C)was going D) had gone
4. What at 10 o'clock last night?
A) have you done B) were you doing
C)have you been doing D) had you done
5..He hasn't left the office,,,
A) yet B) before
C) just D) already
6. They will have finished 8 o'clock.
A) until B) by the time
C)since D) by
7. I'm afraid I to come to the party.
A) don't go B) won't
C) won't be able D) can't
8. "You look slimmer." "Yes. I 12 kilos."
A) had lost B) lost
C)have been losing D) have lost
9. "I'm having trouble with this exercise." "Don't worry. I… you."
A) have helped B) am going to help
C) helped D)'II help
10. "Have you ever been to China?" "Yes, I… there in 1990."
A) have gone B) went
C)have been going D) have been
11. "How long have you worked here?"
"By the end of the month I here for three years."
A) 'II work B) 'm going to work
С) 'II have been working D) 'II be working
12. "We'll need some cola for the party." "I… some."
A) buy B) will have bought
C) 've already bought D) had bought
13. "I need to give a message to Susan."
"I her at the office this afternoon."
A) see B) have seen
С) 'II have seen D) 'II be seeing
14."Have you ever met a famous person?" "Yes, I… Maria Callas once."
A) have met B) met
C)meet D) have been meeting
15. "What's wrong with Lynda?" "She problems at work lately."
A) has been having B) will have
C)was having D) 'II be having
16. "How long have you been working here?" … " 6 months."
A) Since B) For
C)From D) Ago
17. "How long does it take you to write a novel?"
"By December I… on this one for 3 years."
A) will work B) will have been working
C) will be working D) am going to work
5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
One day a little Indian boy 1) was sitting (sit) outside his wigwam. He 2) (wonder) how the Indians 3) (choose) their children's names. He 4) (decide) to
go and ask the Indian Chief. "Well," 5)...(explain) the Chief, "we 6)...(love) nature and when a new baby 7)... (be) born, we 8)...(look) around and we 9) (choose) a name from what we 10) ...(see), like Flowing Waterfall. Bright Star. Running Bull and so on. 11) ...(you/understand)?" "Yes, chief," the little Indian boy said. "Why 12)... (you/be) so interested in this, Two Dogs Fighting?", the Chief asked.
6. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Sammy Milton 1) ...is not.. (not/be) very clever. He 2) (walk) along the beach one day when he 3) (trip) over something and 4) (fall) on the sand. He 5) (not/look) where he was going. "What 6) (be) this?" he said, picking up the object he 7) (trip) over. "I 8) (never/see) anything like it before." It was, in fact, a very old oil lamp, and as he 9) (rub) it, a genie suddenly 10) (fly) out of it. "You 11) (just/release) me from the lamp!" said the genie. "Now you may have three wishes." "Great" said Sammy who 12) (feel) very thirsty. "113) (want) a bottle of lemonade that never 14) (run out)." "No problem." said the genie, and 15) (produce) one instantly. Sammy picked up the bottle and 16) (drink) all the lemonade in one go. Magically, the bottle 17) (fill) itself up again. Sammy drank all that, and exactly the same thing 18) (happen) again.
'That's amazing!" he said. "Thanks very much!" "You still 19) (have) two more wishes young man." 'That's easy." said Sammy. "I 20) (have) two more of these bottles of lemonade!"
Chapter II
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